Proiectarea unei baze de date

Proiectarea bazelor de date presupun fixarea structurii bazei de date si a metodelor de prelucrare a datelor. Daca in mod obisnuit bazele de date isi schimba frecvent continutul, structura bazei de date ramane nemodificata pe lungi perioade de timp.

Prin proiectare se determina modul semantic care sa reflecte cat mai fidel posibil lumea reala, construita astfel :

-se identifica o multime de concepte semantice(entitati, tipuri de entitati, proprietati ale entitatilor, indicatori, relatii intre entitati) ce dau informatii despre lumea reala

-se asociaza obiecte simbolice prin care sunt reprezentate conceptele semantice

-se defineste o multime de operatori ce pot sa transforme obiectele simbolice

Etapele construirii unei baze de date :

1. studiul de fezabilitate ce consta in cercetarea sistemala existenta si evaluarea costurilor pe diversele alternative
2. cercetarea sistemului existent(tipuri de date, dimensiuni)
3. Analiza sistemului si proiectarea sistemului
4. Dezvoltarea sistemului
5. Implementarea sistemului
6. Revizuire si intretinere

---

↑ Grab this Headline Animator

Variabilele in Macromedia Flash 8

Variabilele se pot crea de catre un utilizator. Pentru a crea varibile adecvate si corecte trebuie respectate anumite reguli:

• Variabila trebuie sa unica;
• Numele variabilelor pot incepe doar cu litere si linia underline(_);
• Variabla nu incepe niciodata cu o cifra;
• Utilizarea spatiilor in sintaxa unei variabile nu este permisa
• Denumirile variabilelor sunt sensibile la tipul literelor(majuscule, minuscule)

In Macromedia Flash 8 variabilele se declara cu ajutorul cuvantului cheie var.
Exemplu: var flash=”script”

Cuvantul var indica limbajului Action Script faptul ca flash este o variabila caruia i s-a atribuit valoarea script folosind un operator de atribuire(=).

---

↑ Grab this Headline Animator

Radio pe site

RADIO DANCE
<br /><form action=’http://scripturi.3xforum.ro’ method=’post’ target=’_new’><embed type=”application/x-mplayer2″ pluginspage=”http://www.microsoft.com/Windows/MediaPlayer/”
src=”http://www.di.fm/wma/chillout.asx” align=”middle”
width=310 height=45 autostart=”True” loop=”False” volume=”100″
showstatusbar=false></embed><input type=’submit’ value=’SCRIPTURI’ /><br />
</form>

BEST OLDIES RADIO
<br /><form action=’http://scripturi.3xforum.ro’ method=’post’ target=’_new’><embed type=”application/x-mplayer2″ pluginspage=”http://www.microsoft.com/Windows/MediaPlayer/”
src=”http://181.fm/asx.php?station=oldies&bitrate=hi.asx” align=”middle”
width=310 height=45 autostart=”True” loop=”False” volume=”100″
showstatusbar=false></embed><input type=’submit’ value=’Scripturi’ /><br />
</form>

RADIO ANII ‘80
<br /><form action=’http://scripturi.3xforum.ro’ method=’post’ target=’_new’><embed type=”application/x-mplayer2″ pluginspage=”http://www.microsoft.com/Windows/MediaPlayer/”
src=”http://www.monkeylick.com:8224″ align=”middle”
width=310 height=45 autostart=”True” loop=”False” volume=”100″
showstatusbar=false></embed><input type=’submit’ value=’Scripturi’ /><br />
</form>

COUNTRY RADIO
<br /><form action=’http://scripturi.3xforum.ro’ method=’post’ target=’_new’><embed type=”application/x-mplayer2″ pluginspage=”http://www.microsoft.com/Windows/MediaPlayer/”
src=”http://181.fm/asx.php?station=country&bitrate=hi.asx” align=”middle”
width=310 height=45 autostart=”True” loop=”False” volume=”100″
showstatusbar=false></embed><input type=’submit’ value=’Scripturi’ /><br />
</form>

RAP&HOP RADIO
<br /><form action=’http://scripturi.3xforum.ro’ method=’post’ target=’_new’><embed type=”application/x-mplayer2″ pluginspage=”http://www.microsoft.com/Windows/MediaPlayer/”
src=”http://www.hot108.com/hot108_128k.asx” align=”middle”
width=310 height=45 autostart=”True” loop=”False” volume=”100″
showstatusbar=false></embed><input type=’submit’ value=’Scripturi’ /><br />
</form>

MUZICA CLASICA
<br /><form action=’http://scripturi.3xforum.ro’ method=’post’ target=’_new’><embed type=”application/x-mplayer2″ pluginspage=”http://www.microsoft.com/Windows/MediaPlayer/”
src=”http://www.sky.fm/wma/classical.asx” align=”middle”
width=310 height=45 autostart=”True” loop=”False” volume=”100″
showstatusbar=false></embed><input type=’submit’ value=’Scripturi’ /><br />
</form>

OLDIES – ANII ‘60
<br /><form action=’http://scripturi.3xforum.ro’ method=’post’ target=’_new’><embed type=”application/x-mplayer2″ pluginspage=”http://www.microsoft.com/Windows/MediaPlayer/”
src=”http://stations.loudcity.com/1232/all60s.asx” align=”middle”
width=310 height=45 autostart=”True” loop=”False” volume=”100″
showstatusbar=false></embed><input type=’submit’ value=’The 60’s.’ /><br />
</form>

---

↑ Grab this Headline Animator

Protejarea pozelor contra copierii

<SCRIPT LANGUAGE=”JavaScript1.1″>
<!–
function right(mousebutton)
{
var msg1 = “Hey!! Look but don’t touch!!”;
var msg2 = “Isn’t this the most annoying script since BLINK?!”;

if (navigator.appName == ‘Netscape’ && mousebutton.which==3)
{
alert(msg1);
return false;
}
else

if (navigator.appName == ‘Netscape’ && mousebutton.which==1)
{
alert(msg2);
return false;
}
else

if (navigator.appName == ‘Microsoft Internet Explorer’ && event.button == 2)
{
alert(msg1);
return false;
}
else

if (navigator.appName == ‘Microsoft Internet Explorer’ && event.button == 2)
{
alert(msg2);
return false;
}
return true;
}
document.onmousedown = right;
// –>
</SCRIPT>

---

↑ Grab this Headline Animator

Introducere in XML

Limbajul XML (extendet markup language) este un nou limbaj de adnotare, care este folosit intens de tehnologiile software actuale pentru schimburi de informatii intre diverse aplicatii din Internet sau retele. In cazul in care aceste aplicatii functioneaza conform unor standarde diferite, XML este limbajul comun in care acestea pot schimba informatii. Aceasta facilitate este foarte importanta in cazul comunicarii datelor intre companii si firme. Daca este folosit XML nici una din companii nu trebuie sa cunoasca modul de structurare a datelor in baza de date a partenerului ci doar sa stie structura XML de export a acestor date pentru a avea acces la informatiile necesare.
XML nu este un inlocuitor al HTML, ci este mai degraba un complement al acestuia. In vreme ce in cazul HTML atentia este orientata spre modul in care trebuie sa fie afisata informatia continuta de directivele HTML, XML este realizat cu unicul scop de a oferi suport pentru structurarea informatiilor.

Exemplu de fisier XML:
<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”iso-8859-1″?>
<articol>
<titlu>
Anunturi
</titlu>
<descriere>
<URL>
http://stiri.ro/articol123.html
</URL>
</articol>
<articol>
…
</articol>
In exemplu de mai sus se constata ca este vorba despre un document XML care ar putea fi folosit de o aplicatie ce afiseaza revista presei.

---

↑ Grab this Headline Animator

CSS- putina teorie

Stilurile CSS au fost recent adaugate in limbajul HTML cu scopul de a adauga mai multe facilitati pentru controlul modului de aparitie al paginii. Incepand cu HTML 4 toate instructiunile de formatare pot fi definite in afara documentului HTML intr-o structura denumita foaie de stil. In literatura de specialitate foile de stil sunt referite de acronimul CSS care vine de la Cascading Style Sheets. Cuvantul “Cascading” inseamna “in cascada” si se refera la modul de aplicare al acestor stiluri asupra elementelor din pagina web atunci cand sunt folosite simultan mai multe foi de stil.
Avantajele folosirii foilor de stil:
*Separarea instructiunilor de formatare de structura documentului HTML
*Documentele HTML care folosesc foi de stil pot avea dimensiuni mai mici
*Site-uri mai usor de mentinut. Prin folosirea unui set comun de foi de stil pentru toate paginile HTML se poate schimba infatisarea unui site care contine sute de pagini web prin editarea unui singur fisier.

---

↑ Grab this Headline Animator

Backgroud schimbator

PASUL 1 Insereaza umatorul cod in sectiunea <head> a codului HTML: 
<script language=”JavaScript”>
<!–
//you can assign the initial color of the background here
r=255;
g=255;
b=255;
flag=0;
t=new Array;
o=new Array;
d=new Array;function hex(a,c)
{
t[a]=Math.floor(c/16)
o[a]=c%16
switch (t[a])
{
case 10:
t[a]=’A';
break;
case 11:
t[a]=’B';
break;
case 12:
t[a]=’C';
break;
case 13:
t[a]=’D';
break;
case 14:
t[a]=’E';
break;
case 15:
t[a]=’F';
break;
default:
break;
}
switch (o[a])
{
case 10:
o[a]=’A';
break;
case 11:
o[a]=’B';
break;
case 12:
o[a]=’C';
break;
case 13:
o[a]=’D';
break;
case 14:
o[a]=’E';
break;
case 15:
o[a]=’F';
break;
default:
break;
}
}

function ran(a,c)
{
if ((Math.random()>2/3||c==0)&&c<255)
{
c++
d[a]=2;
}
else
{
if ((Math.random()<=1/2||c==255)&&c>0)
{
c–
d[a]=1;
}
else d[a]=0;
}
return c
}
function do_it(a,c)
{
if ((d[a]==2&&c<255)||c==0)
{
c++
d[a]=2
}
else
if ((d[a]==1&&c>0)||c==255)
{
c–;
d[a]=1;
}
if (a==3)
{
if (d[1]==0&&d[2]==0&&d[3]==0)
flag=1
}
return c
}
function disco()
{
if (flag==0)
{
r=ran(1, r);
g=ran(2, g);
b=ran(3, b);
hex(1,r)
hex(2,g)
hex(3,b)
document.bgColor=”#”+t[1]+o[1]+t[2]+o[2]+t[3]+o[3]
flag=50
}
else
{
r=do_it(1, r)
g=do_it(2,g)
b=do_it(3,b)
hex(1,r)
hex(2,g)
hex(3,b)
document.bgColor=”#”+t[1]+o[1]+t[2]+o[2]+t[3]+o[3]
flag–
}
if (document.all)
setTimeout(‘disco()’,50)
}
//–>
</script>

PASUL 2 Adauga in <body> codul:

<body onload=”disco()”>

sursa:www.scripturi.3xforum.ro

Afiseaza ora in bara de jos a browserului

<script language=”JavaScript”>

function doClock() {

window.setTimeout( “doClock()”, 1000 );

today = new Date();

self.status = today.toString();

}
doClock()
</script>

Ceas analogic static

<script language=”JavaScript”>
fCol=’444444′; //face colour.
sCol=’FF0000′; //seconds colour.
mCol=’444444′; //minutes colour.
hCol=’444444′; //hours colour.

Ybase=30; //Clock height.
Xbase=30; //Clock width.

H=’…’;
H=H.split(”);
M=’….’;
M=M.split(”);
S=’…..’;
S=S.split(”);
NS4=(document.layers);
NS6=(document.getElementById&&!document.all);
IE4=(document.all);
Ypos=0;
Xpos=0;
dots=12;
Split=360/dots;
if (NS6){
for (i=1; i < dots+1; i++){
document.write(‘<div id=”n6Digits’+i+’” style=”position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px;width:30px;height:30px;font-family:Arial;font-size:10px;color:#’+fCol+’;text-align:center;padding-top:10px”>’+i+’</div>’);
}
for (i=0; i < M.length; i++){
document.write(‘<div id=”Ny’+i+’” style=”position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px;width:2px;height:2px;font-size:2px;background:#’+mCol+’”></div>’);
}
for (i=0; i < H.length; i++){
document.write(‘<div id=”Nz’+i+’” style=”position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px;width:2px;height:2px;font-size:2px;background:#’+hCol+’”></div>’);
}
for (i=0; i < S.length; i++){
document.write(‘<div id=”Nx’+i+’” style=”position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px;width:2px;height:2px;font-size:2px;background:#’+sCol+’”></div>’);
}
}
if (NS4){
dgts=’1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12′;
dgts=dgts.split(‘ ‘)
for (i=0; i < dots; i++){
document.write(‘<layer name=nsDigits’+i+’ top=0 left=0 height=30 width=30><center><font face=Arial size=1 color=’+fCol+’>’+dgts[i]+’</font></center></layer>’);
}
for (i=0; i < M.length; i++){
document.write(‘<layer name=ny’+i+’ top=0 left=0 bgcolor=’+mCol+’ clip=”0,0,2,2″></layer>’);
}
for (i=0; i < H.length; i++){
document.write(‘<layer name=nz’+i+’ top=0 left=0 bgcolor=’+hCol+’ clip=”0,0,2,2″></layer>’);
}
for (i=0; i < S.length; i++){
document.write(‘<layer name=nx’+i+’ top=0 left=0 bgcolor=’+sCol+’ clip=”0,0,2,2″></layer>’);
}
}
if (IE4){
document.write(‘<div style=”position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px”><div style=”position:relative”>’);
for (i=1; i < dots+1; i++){
document.write(‘<div id=”ieDigits” style=”position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px;width:30px;height:30px;font-family:Arial;font-size:10px;color:’+fCol+’;text-align:center;padding-top:10px”>’+i+’</div>’);
}
document.write(‘</div></div>’)
document.write(‘<div style=”position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px”><div style=”position:relative”>’);
for (i=0; i < M.length; i++){
document.write(‘<div id=y style=”position:absolute;width:2px;height:2px;font-size:2px;background:’+mCol+’”></div>’);
}
document.write(‘</div></div>’)
document.write(‘<div style=”position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px”><div style=”position:relative”>’);
for (i=0; i < H.length; i++){
document.write(‘<div id=z style=”position:absolute;width:2px;height:2px;font-size:2px;background:’+hCol+’”></div>’);
}
document.write(‘</div></div>’)
document.write(‘<div style=”position:absolute;top:0px;left:0px”><div style=”position:relative”>’);
for (i=0; i < S.length; i++){
document.write(‘<div id=x style=”position:absolute;width:2px;height:2px;font-size:2px;background:’+sCol+’”></div>’);
}
document.write(‘</div></div>’)
}

function clock(){
time = new Date ();
secs = time.getSeconds();
sec = -1.57 + Math.PI * secs/30;
mins = time.getMinutes();
min = -1.57 + Math.PI * mins/30;
hr = time.getHours();
hrs = -1.57 + Math.PI * hr/6 + Math.PI*parseInt(time.getMinutes())/360;

if (NS6){
Ypos=window.pageYOffset+window.innerHeight-Ybase-25;
Xpos=window.pageXOffset+window.innerWidth-Xbase-30;
for (i=1; i < dots+1; i++){
document.getElementById(“n6Digits”+i).style.top=Ypos-15+Ybase*Math.sin(-1.56 +i *Split*Math.PI/180)
document.getElementById(“n6Digits”+i).style.left=Xpos-15+Xbase*Math.cos(-1.56 +i*Split*Math.PI/180)
}
for (i=0; i < S.length; i++){
document.getElementById(“Nx”+i).style.top=Ypos+i*Ybase/4.1*Math.sin(sec);
document.getElementById(“Nx”+i).style.left=Xpos+i*Xbase/4.1*Math.cos(sec);
}
for (i=0; i < M.length; i++){
document.getElementById(“Ny”+i).style.top=Ypos+i*Ybase/4.1*Math.sin(min);
document.getElementById(“Ny”+i).style.left=Xpos+i*Xbase/4.1*Math.cos(min);
}
for (i=0; i < H.length; i++){
document.getElementById(“Nz”+i).style.top=Ypos+i*Ybase/4.1*Math.sin(hrs);
document.getElementById(“Nz”+i).style.left=Xpos+i*Xbase/4.1*Math.cos(hrs);
}
}
if (NS4){
Ypos=window.pageYOffset+window.innerHeight-Ybase-20;
Xpos=window.pageXOffset+window.innerWidth-Xbase-30;
for (i=0; i < dots; ++i){
document.layers["nsDigits"+i].top=Ypos-5+Ybase*Math.sin(-1.045 +i*Split*Math.PI/180)
document.layers["nsDigits"+i].left=Xpos-15+Xbase*Math.cos(-1.045 +i*Split*Math.PI/180)
}
for (i=0; i < S.length; i++){
document.layers["nx"+i].top=Ypos+i*Ybase/4.1*Math.sin(sec);
document.layers["nx"+i].left=Xpos+i*Xbase/4.1*Math.cos(sec);
}
for (i=0; i < M.length; i++){
document.layers["ny"+i].top=Ypos+i*Ybase/4.1*Math.sin(min);
document.layers["ny"+i].left=Xpos+i*Xbase/4.1*Math.cos(min);
}
for (i=0; i < H.length; i++){
document.layers["nz"+i].top=Ypos+i*Ybase/4.1*Math.sin(hrs);
document.layers["nz"+i].left=Xpos+i*Xbase/4.1*Math.cos(hrs);
}
}

if (IE4){
Ypos=document.body.scrollTop+window.document.body.clientHeight-Ybase-20;
Xpos=document.body.scrollLeft+window.document.body.clientWidth-Xbase-20;
for (i=0; i < dots; ++i){
ieDigits[i].style.pixelTop=Ypos-15+Ybase*Math.sin(-1.045 +i *Split*Math.PI/180)
ieDigits[i].style.pixelLeft=Xpos-15+Xbase*Math.cos(-1.045 +i *Split*Math.PI/180)
}
for (i=0; i < S.length; i++){
x[i].style.pixelTop =Ypos+i*Ybase/4.1*Math.sin(sec);
x[i].style.pixelLeft=Xpos+i*Xbase/4.1*Math.cos(sec);
}
for (i=0; i < M.length; i++){
y[i].style.pixelTop =Ypos+i*Ybase/4.1*Math.sin(min);
y[i].style.pixelLeft=Xpos+i*Xbase/4.1*Math.cos(min);
}
for (i=0; i < H.length; i++){
z[i].style.pixelTop =Ypos+i*Ybase/4.1*Math.sin(hrs);
z[i].style.pixelLeft=Xpos+i*Xbase/4.1*Math.cos(hrs);
}
}
setTimeout(‘clock()’,100);
}
clock();
//–>
</script>

Calendar luna

<embed src=”http://www.nackvision.com/goodies/calendar/calendar.swf” quality=”high” bgcolor=”ffffff” width=”150″ height=”100″ name=”calendar” align=”middle” allowScriptAccess=”sameDomain” type=”application/x-shockwave-flash” pluginspage=”http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer” /><br> <a href=”http://tutorialweb.wordpress.com/” target=”_blank”>TutorialWeb</a>